The protesters in Nardaran condemned the government's policy against the Islamic veil or hijab. They say such a policy is adopted under the influence of Western countries and Israel.
The protesters set ablaze pictures of the education minister, who has described wearing hijab at schools as nonsense and abnormal.
The demonstrators urged the government to respect religious values and prevent Azerbaijan from falling into a crisis.
The protest in Baku follows a similar demonstration, which turned violent in front of the education ministry when police used tear gas and batons to disperse the crowd last Friday.
Azerbaijan reintroduced Soviet-era uniforms to secondary school students this year, sparking outrage in the predominantly Muslim country.
Muslim communities in Azerbaijan blame the growing secularism in the country on Tel Aviv and accuse Israel of being behind anti-Islamic programs during the Shia mourning month of Muharram and the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan.
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