16th Summit of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned MovementTehran, Islamic Republic of Iran31 August 2012The Dead Sea552. The Heads of State or Government once again expressed concern over the continuous deterioration and degradation of the unique ecosystem of the Dead Sea and emphasized the importance of working progressively towards reversing this environmental catastrophe. They drew attention of the international community to the need for international action to protect the Dead Sea and prevent any further environmental degradation of its ecosystem through concessional grants.The Caribbean Sea553. The Heads of State or Government reiterated their concern over the continued shipment of hazardous wastes through the waters of the Caribbean Sea. In recognition of the cooperative efforts of Caribbean States to promote an integrated management approach to the Caribbean Sea in the context of sustainable development of the oceans and seas, they welcomed the United Nations General Assembly resolution 65/155 entitled “Towards the sustainable development of the Caribbean Sea for present and future generation”, and stressed the importance to continue working on the implementation of the declaration of Mauritius (January 2005). In this regard, they expressed support for the regional initiatives aimed at having the Caribbean Sea declared a “special area”, and they pledged their support to assist in promoting the sustainable development of this group of especially vulnerable countries, for which international cooperation continues to be an essential factor, and drew the attention of the international community to the need for international action for the Caribbean Sea to be considered as a special area within the context of sustainable development.Illegal Fishing and Dumping of Toxic and Hazardous Waste554. The Heads of State or Government decried in the strongest terms the continuing acts of illegal fishing and dumping of toxic and hazardous waste in the lands and territorial seas of African states and other developing countries. The Heads of State or Government demanded an immediate stop to these practices and called on all governments to act in accordance to their legal obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the Basel Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, and all relevant international instruments.Lake Chad and the River Niger555. The Heads of State or Government expressed serious concern over the phenomenal drying-up of Lake Chad and the shrinking of the River Niger, largely due to climate change and rapidly growing population, thereby posing serious danger to biodiversity, as well as threatening food security and the livelihood of the peoples living within the vicinities of the Lake and the River in the West and Central African sub- Regions. They acknowledged the concerted efforts by the affected countries to reverse the trend and redress the challenges posed, and therefore called on the international community and development partners to intensify their support, through concrete financial and technical assistance, for the collaborative frameworks of action by the affected countries, aimed at rescuing Lake Chad and River Niger.Energy556. The Heads of State or Government expressed their concern that about 1.4 billion people worldwide do not have access to energy services, and underlined the importance of access to reliable, affordable, economically viable, socially acceptable and environmentally sound energy services for sustainable development. They emphasized129NAM 2012/Doc.1/Rev.2the need to diversify energy by developing advanced, cleaner, more efficient, affordable and cost-effective energy technologies, including fossil fuel technologies and renewable energy technologies, and their transfer to developing countries on concessional terms as mutually agreed in order to promote sustainable energy systems with the objective of increasing its contribution to total energy supply, recognizing the role of national initiatives and priorities and voluntary targets, where they exist, and ensuring that energy policies are supportive to developing countries’ efforts to eradicate poverty, and regularly evaluate available data to review progress to this end. In this regard, the Heads of State or Government welcomed the celebration of 2012 as the "International Year of Sustainable Energy for All".557. The Heads of State or Government stressed the importance of enhancing international Cooperation through partnership in all forms of energy including clean and renewable Energy. They called upon the developed countries to transfer more efficient and environmentally sound technologies to developing countries, and for the United Nations to promote and facilitate this.558. The Heads of State or Government emphasized the need to accelerate the development, dissemination and deployment of affordable and cleaner energy efficiency and energy conservation technologies, new and renewable energy technologies as well as the transfer of such technologies, in particular to developing countries, on favourable terms, including on concessional and preferential terms. The Heads of State or Government stressed the need for shaping the comprehensive United Nations energy agenda with a focus on eradicating poverty and achieving the Millennium Development Goals, elaboration and adoption by the General Assembly of recommendations, including those related to the global intellectual property rights system, that facilitate dissemination, deployment and transfer of advanced energy technologies to developing countries and countries with economies in transition, as well as the establishment of an international centre for the transfer of advanced energy technologies, a database of advanced energy technologies and a fully supported multilateral fund to finance development, transfer and application of advanced energy technologies as well as capacity building. The Heads of State or Government called for effective international measures to develop, disseminate and deploy such technologies to developing countries and countries with economies in transition. Moreover, the Heads of State or Government encourage cooperation on the above matters in the United Nations among UN Member States and other relevant international and regional stakeholders.559. The Heads of State or Government welcomed the establishment of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), and the choice of the United Arab Emirates as the headquarter of the Agency. They also welcomed with appreciation the entering into force of the Statute of the Agency, and the holding of the inaugural session of its Assembly held from 4-5 April 2011 in Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates. They also encouraged Member States of NAM, and other countries who have not yet done so to consider joining IRENA. The Heads of State or Government expressed their aspiration to see IRENA in the near future playing an important and positive role towards promoting the sustainable use of different forms of renewable energy. In this context, the Heads of State or Government welcomed IRENA’s participation in the work of the United Nations General Assembly as Observer Organization.560. The Heads of State or Government noted the challenges to development that exist for a number of member states of the Movement in relation to the international energy market. They also took note of the various and varied complex destabilizing factors in the energy market and appreciated the efforts of NAM countries to stabilize it for the benefit of all. In this context, they supported efforts to improve the functioning, transparency and information about energy markets with respect to both supply and demand, with the aim of achieving greater stability and predictability in the interest of both energy producing and consuming states. They agreed to enhance cooperation with a view to improving access to all environmentally safe and sound energy sources including alternative sources of energy by developing countries. They underscored the need for increased North-South collaboration as well as continued South-South Cooperation as part of a long-term strategy towards sustainable development. They130NAM 2012/Doc.1/Rev.2also underscored the sovereign right of States over the management of their energy resources. They welcomed the progress of the dialogue between energy producing and consuming countries, in particular, within the International Energy Forum (IEF) and supported all efforts to strengthen such dialogue. They welcomed the signing of the Charter of the IEF in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, February 2011.Climate Change561. The Heads of State or Government reaffirmed that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our times, and expressed profound alarm that emissions of greenhouse gases continue to rise globally. They expressed concern about the increased adverse impacts of climate change particularly on developing countries, which are severely undermining their efforts to eradicate poverty and achieve sustainable development.562. The Heads of State or Government called for the widest cooperation by all countries and their participation in an effective and appropriate international response, taking into consideration the historical responsibilities of developed countries, and in accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, as well as social and economic conditions recognizing the development priorities of developing countries. In this regard, the Heads of State or Government reiterated that the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol remains the central multilateral framework for cooperative action to address climate change. The Heads of State or Government further stressed that the process of work under the UNFCCC must be open, party-driven, inclusive and transparent and strengthen multilateralism in order to achieve an agreed outcome as mandated by the Bali Action Plan based on the principles and provisions of the convention.563. The Heads of State or Government recognized the importance of the negotiation process on climate change within the framework of the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC and the Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol. The Heads of State or Government also recognized the crucial negotiations underway in the two tracks process of the Ad hoc Working Group on Long term Cooperative Actions under the Convention (AWG LCA) and the Ad hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG KP) as mandated by the Bali Action Plan, and reaffirmed the need to successfully conclude the work of COP18/ CMP8 in Doha as agreed to at COP17/CMP7.564. The Heads of State or Government further took note of the outcomes of the 17th Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, and the 7th Conference of the Parties serving as the Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, including the establishment of the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action, welcoming the successful launch and progress made at the Bonn intersessional meeting held in Bonn, in June 2012.565. The Heads of State or Government affirmed their unwavering commitment to cooperate and contribute constructively towards a successful COP-18/CMP- 8 of the UNFCCC to be held in Doha, the State of Qatar.566. The Heads of State or Government noted that the recent Durban Conference have led to a series of decisions, in particular agreement on a second commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol, the establishment of the Ad hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action, the operationalization of the Green Climate Fund and agreement to undertake a work programme on long-term finance. They agreed to intensify efforts towards the implementation of the outcomes achieved. They also emphasized that some issues require further engagement among UNFCCC parties to achieve the ultimate objective of the Convention. In this regard, the Heads of State or Government urged developed countries to increase their mitigation efforts and fulfil their commitments, including the adoption of a ratifiable amendment to Annex B of the Kyoto Protocol coming to effect in January 2013 in Doha, and to provide predictable131NAM 2012/Doc.1/Rev.2and sustainable provision of finance, including early capitalization of the Green Climate Fund with a clear and transparent replenishment process that is adequate to the needs of developing countries.567. The Heads of State or Government stressed that the future multilateral rule- based climate regime to be agreed by 2015 is under the convention and in accordance with its principles and provisions, and that it should address the concerns of developing countries, especially the principle of equity, common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities.568. The Heads of State or Government reaffirmed the fundamental principle that developed countries shall take the lead in combating climate change, and expressed their serious concern at the limited progress in negotiations under the AWG KP, and reemphasized the urgent need for the establishment of quantified emission reduction commitments for the 2nd and subsequent commitment periods under the Kyoto Protocol. They urged developed countries with no commitments under the second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol, to undertake comparable ambitious emission reductions pursuant to the Bali Action Plan.569. The Heads of State or Government took note with interest of the Government of Ecuador’s initiative on the concept of Avoided Net Emissions as an alternative mechanism of reducing CO2 emissions, in addition to carbon market mechanisms, under the voluntary mitigation of the UNFCCC.570. The Heads of State or Government also reaffirmed that urgent measures were needed to support adaptation and voluntary mitigation actions undertaken by developing countries, in accordance with their national capabilities and circumstances as well as the level of support they are receiving, and to strengthen cooperation at the global level to address, inter alia, desertification, land degradation and deforestation, and called upon the international community to prioritize the needs of the developing countries, taking into account the needs of those that are particularly vulnerable, in accordance with the criteria set in the UNFCCC, and to provide long-term, non conditional, adequate, scaled-up, predictable, new and additional finance, technology development and support as well as capacity-building. Priority will be given to particularly vulnerable developing countries, especially low-lying coastal, arid and semi-arid areas, LDC’s, SIDS and Africa, land-locked countries, and developing country parties with areas prone to floods, drought and desertification, with fragile ecosystems, and facing increased frequency of extreme and catastrophic events and trends linked to climate change.571. The Heads of State or Government urged the international community to assist developing countries to address the adverse impact of climate change, particularly through new, additional, adequate and predictable financial resources that should not replace ODA, as well as, capacity building, and access to and transfer of technology on concessional and preferential terms. The Heads of State or Government reaffirmed that developed countries’ commitments to provide developing countries with financing and the transfer of technology for climate change should be carried out under the UNFCCC and its Conference of the parties, and in this regard welcomed the decision to undertake a work progr
