16th Summit of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned MovementTehran, Islamic Republic of Iran31 August 2012FINAL DOCUMENTTABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION ........................ 4CHAPTER I: GLOBAL ISSUES ........................ 5Review of the International Situation........................ 5Non-Aligned Movement: Role and Methods of Work ........................ 7International Law ........................ 11Promotion and Preservation of Multilateralism........................ 15Peaceful Settlement of Disputes, and Non-Use or Threat of Use of Force ........................ 17Culture of Peace, Dialogue among Civilizations, Religions and Cultures, andCultural Diversity........................ 19Defamation of Religions ........................ 23Right to Self-Determination and Decolonization ........................ 24United Nations: Follow-up to the 2005 World Summit Outcome, the Millennium Declaration and the Outcomes of the Major United Nations Summits and Conferences ..... 26United Nations: Institutional Reform ........................ 29A. Reform of the United Nations........................ 29B. Relationship among the Principal Organs of the United Nations ........................ 33C. Revitalization of the Work of the General Assembly........................ 35D. Selection and Appointment of the Secretary-General of the United Nations........................ 37E. Question of Equitable Representation on and Increase in the Membership of theSecurity Council, and other Matters Related to the Security Council ........................ 37F. Strengthening of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) ........................ 40G. The Human Rights Council ........................ 41H. Post-Conflict Peacebuilding Activities and the Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) ............... 44I. United Nations Secretariat and Management Reform........................ 46J. United Nations System-wide Coherence ........................ 48United Nations: Financial Situation and Arrangement ........................ 49United Nations: Peacekeeping Operations ........................ 51Disarmament and International Security........................ 56Terrorism........................ 70Democracy ........................ 75North-South Dialogue and Cooperation ........................ 76Role of Regional Organizations .................... 77CHAPTER II: .................................79REGIONAL AND SUB-REGIONAL POLITICAL ISSUES ................79Middle East ................... 79Peace Process................................... 79Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem .............. 80Occupied Syrian Golan ..................... 86Lebanon, the Remaining Occupied Lebanese Lands, and the Consequences of theIsraeli Aggression against Lebanon .............. 86Africa............................. 88Chagos Archipelago ...................... 88Libya ............................................... 88Somalia ........................................ 89The Sudan.................................. 91The Great Lakes Region ................................ 92Zimbabwe ........................................... 921NAM 2012/Doc.1/Rev.2Mali ................................ 93Western Sahara .......................................... 93Comorian Island of Mayotte ................. 94Djibouti/Eritrea ................................................. 94Gulf of Guinea ............................ 94Asia............................................. 94Afghanistan ........................... 94Iraq and Kuwait ........................... 97Yemen .................................. 97Southeast Asia ................................ 98Syrian Arab Republic ............................................ 99Latin America and the Caribbean ........ 100Community of Latin American and Caribbean States..... 100South American Union of Nations (UNASUR) ............. 100First Summit of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States.… .. 100ALBA – TCP – PETROCARIBE ................. 101Summits of Arab and South American countries ...... 101Summits of Africa-South American Countries .................. 101Central America: a Mine-Free Zone ............................... 101Zone of Peace: Gulf of Fonseca ................ 101Belize and Guatemala.............. 101Cuba ................... 102Panama ....................... 102Venezuela ............................... 102Guyana and Venezuela ................ 103Bolivia .................. 103Ecuador....................................... 104Paraguay........................ 104Europe ........................... 104CHAPTER III ............................105DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL AND HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES .............105Introduction ............................................ 105Current global crises, in particular the world financial and economic crisis ............. 108Unemployment ....................... 110Africa........................................... 111Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries, and Small IslandDeveloping States.................................. 112Middle Income Developing Countries............. 114Low Income Developing Countries ........... 115Trade ........................ 115South-South Cooperation.................. 117Food Security ............ 120International Migration and Development ............... 123Water .................................. 126Desertification ............ 127Biological Diversity ................ 127The Dead Sea ................................... 129The Caribbean Sea ........................ 129Illegal Fishing and Dumping of Toxic and Hazardous Waste............... 129Lake Chad and the River Niger .............. 129Energy ............................ 129Climate Change........................ 131Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms .................. 133Racism, Racial Discrimination and Slavery ..................... 139International Humanitarian Law................... 141Humanitarian Assistance .............................. 142Information and Communication Technology ........ 145Advancement of Women............. 147Indigenous Peoples......................... 149Illiteracy .................... 1502NAM 2012/Doc.1/Rev.2Health, HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Tuberculosis and other communicable diseases.......... 150Transnational Organized Crime............. 153Trafficking in Persons ............. 155Drug Trafficking ..................... 156Corruption ................. 157Annex I: Member Countries of the Non–Aligned Movement (120) ...........159Annex II: The Founding Principles of the Non-Aligned Movement......160Annex III: The Principles enshrined in the Declaration on the Purposes and Principles and the Role of the Non-Aligned Movement in the Present International Juncture adopted in the 14th NAM Summit in Havana..............1613NAM 2012/Doc.1/Rev.2 INTRODUCTION1. The Heads of State or Government of the Movement of Non-Aligned Countries1, met under the Chairmanship of H.E. Dr. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in Tehran on the 30th and the 31st of August 2012 to address existing, new and emerging issues of collective concern and interest of the Non-Aligned Movement. In this regard, they reaffirmed and underscored the Movement’s abiding faith in and strong commitment to its founding principles2, ideals and purposes, particularly in establishing a peaceful and prosperous world and a just and equitable world order as well as to the purposes and principles enshrined in the United Nations Charter.2. The Heads of State or Government affirmed the continued relevance and validity, and adherence to all principled positions and decisions of the Movement as contained in the substantive outcome documents3 of the 15th NAM Summit held in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, on 15th and 16th July 2009, including the Sharm El Sheikh Final Document and the Sharm El Sheikh Declaration, and the preceding fourteen Summit Conferences of the Movement4, as well as all preceding Ministerial Conferences or Meetings of the Movement, including the XVI NAM Ministerial Conference and Commemorative Meeting held in Bali, Indonesia, in May 2011. Likewise, they expressed their determination to preserve and act in keeping with the Bandung Principles and the purposes and principles of the Non-Aligned Movement in the present international juncture as agreed in the Declaration on the Purposes and Principles and the Role of the Non-Aligned Movement in the Present International Juncture5 adopted in the 14th NAM Summit in Havana, and the Bali Commemorative Declaration on the fiftieth anniversary of the establishment of the Non-Aligned Movement.3. The Heads of State or Government acknowledged the NAM Chair’s Report on the Movement’s activities covering from the 15th NAM Summit held in Sharm El Sheikh to date, which showed significant progress in implementing the NAM Plan of Action as stipulated in the Sharm El Sheikh Final Document and the Sharm El Sheikh Declaration, which contributed positively in the process of strengthening and revitalizing the Non-Aligned Movement. 1 The list of NAM Member Countries appears in Annex I.2 The ten Founding Principles of NAM appears in Annex II.3 The substantive documents adopted at the 15th NAM Summit in Sharm El Sheikh are: the Sharm El Sheikh Final Document; the Sharm El Sheikh Declaration; the Special Declaration of the Heads of State and Government of the Non-Aligned Movement on the necessity of ending the economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed by the United States of America against Cuba; the Special Declaration on Nelson Mandela International Day – 18 July; the Declaration on Palestine; and the Sharm El Sheikh Plan of Action of the Non-Aligned Movement (2009-2012). All these documents can be downloaded from www.namegypt.org.4 The preceding fourteen NAM Summit Conferences were held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia in 1961; Cairo,United Arab Republic in 1964; Lusaka, Zambia in 1970; Algiers, Algeria in 1973; Colombo, Sri Lanka in1976; Havana, Cuba in 1979; New Delhi, India in 1983; Harare, Zimbabwe in 1986; Belgrade, Yugoslavia in1989; Jakarta, Indonesia in 1992; Cartagena de Indias, Colombia in 1995, Durban, South Africa in1998,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia in 2003, Havana, Cuba in 2006, and Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt in 2009.5 The principles enshrined in the Declaration on the Purposes and Principles and the Role of the Non-AlignedMovement in the Present International Juncture appear in Annex III.4NAM 2012/Doc.1/Rev.2CHAPTER I: GLOBAL ISSUESReview of the International Situation4. The Heads of State or Government emphasized that the present global scenario presents great challenges in the areas of peace and security, economic development and social progress, human rights and the rule of law to Non-Aligned Countries. They affirmed that many new areas of concern and challenges have emerged, particularly the second wave of the global financial and economic crisis, which warrant the renewal of commitment by the international community to uphold and defend the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations (UN) and the principles of international law. In taking stock of developments at the international level since the XV Summit of Heads of State or Government of the Movement, they noted that the collective desire of the Movement to establish a peaceful and prosperous world as well as a just and equitable world order remains encumbered by fundamental impediments. These impediments are in the form of, inter alia, the severe adverse impact of the global financial and economic crises on the economic growth and development of developing countries which could lead to increasing poverty and deprivation in these countries, the continuing lack of resources and underdevelopment of the majority of the developing world, on the one hand, and in the form of, inter alia, the continuing unequal terms of trade, and the lack of cooperation from developed countries, as well as the coercive and unilateral measures imposed by some of them and the use of force or the threats of use of force, on the other hand. The rich and powerful countries continue to exercise an inordinate influence in determining the nature and direction of international relations, including economic and trade relations, as well as the rules governing these relations, many of which are at the expense of developing countries.5. The Heads of State or Government reaffirmed that the Movement will remain guided in its endeavours by its Founding Principles, the principles enshrined in the Declaration on the Purposes and Principles and the Role of the Non-Aligned Movement in the Present International Juncture adopted in the 14th NAM Summit in Havana, and the Bali Commemorative Declaration on the fiftieth anniversary of the establishment of the Non-Aligned Movement, as well as the UN Charter and international law. To this end, the Movement will continue to uphold the principles of sovereignty and the sovereign equality of States, territorial integrity and non-intervention in the internal affairs of any State; take effective measures for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of peace, to defend, promote and encourage the settlement of international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered; refrain in international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State or in any other manner inconsistent with the purposes and principles of the UN Charter; develop friendly relations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and the self-determination of peoples in their struggle against foreign occupation; achieve international cooperation based on solidarity among peoples and governments in solving international problems of a political, economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character; and promote and encourage the respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion.6. The Heads of State or Government noted that the existing, new and emerging threats and challenges, including the multiple inter-related and mutually reinforcing current global crises, continue to impede efforts by States to attain greater economic development and social progress, peace and security, and enjoyment of human rights and the rule of law. Global peace and security continue to elude humankind as a result of, inter alia, increasing tendency by certain States to resort to unilateralism and unilaterally imposed measures, non-fulfilment of the commitments and obligations assumed under the relevant international legally binding instruments especially on weapons of mass destruction and conventional weapons treaties, terrorism, conflicts, violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, the use of double5NAM 2012/Doc.1/Rev.2standards in international relations, the continuing failure and unwillingness of the majority of the developed countries to fulfil their commitments in the economic and social fields. They underscored the need for the international community to collectively redress these situati
