Name: Fatima
Title: Masumah
Born at: Medina,First Day of Zee Qa'dah 173 A.H.
Father's name: Imam Musa al-Kazim(A.S.)
Mother's name: Najma Khatoon mother of Imam Reza(A.S.)
Died at the age 28,at Qum on 10th Rabi al-Thani,201 A.H.
Buried in the holy shrine in the holy city of Qum.
The Noble Descent of Hadrat Fatima Masumah (A.S.)
Hadrat
Fatima Masumah (S.A.) the Blessed and the Gracious Divine Lady from the
Holy Ahlul Bayt (A.S.) was born in the holy city of Medina on the First
Day of the month of Dhu al-Qa'dah 173 A.H. Hadrat Fatima Masumah (S.A.)
was the most learned scholar and very pious lady and was greatly
revered by the Holy Imams (A.S.). She was buried in the holy city of Qum
(Iran) and her holy shrine is every year visited by millions of the
lovers of Holy Ahlul Bayt (A.S.).
The Learned Divine Lady from the Holy Ahlul Bayt (A.S.)
Hadrat
Masumah (S.A.) was brought up in a very noble family. She was daughter
of the Holy Imam [Imam Musa al-Kazim (A.S.)], the sister of the Holy
Imam [Imam Reza (A.S.)] and the aunt of the Holy Imam [Imam Muhammad
Taqi al-Jawad (A.S.)]. She was taught all the Islamic sciences by Imam
Musa al-Kazim (A.S.) and Imam Reza (A.S.) and she transmitted Ahadith
(traditions) from them. She became famous as Aalimah (the Learned Lady)
and Muhaddithah (the Learned Lady who transmitted Ahadith).
The
traditions quoted by Hadrat Masumah (S.A.) are among the most authentic
traditions which are present in various books of traditions.
She was Masumah (the Immaculate)
Hadrat
Fatima bint Musa al-Kazim (A.S.) was most pious, noble and reverend
lady. Like her holy grandmother Hadrat Fatima Zahra (S.A.) she was
always busy in performing Salaat (prayers) and kept fast most of the
days. She was greatly respected and revered by her holy father Imam Musa
al-Kazim (A.S.) and her elder brother Imam Reza (A.S.). She becomes
famous as Masumah (the Immaculate) during her lifetime. Imam Reza (A.S.)
has said about Hadrat Fatima Masumah (S.A.) "Whoever performs the
Ziyarah of 'Fatima Masumah' in Qum is like the person who has performed
my Ziyarah".
Karimah-i Ahlul Bayt (A.S.)
Hadrat
Fatima Masumah (S.A.) is also considered as Karimah-i Ahlul Bayt (A.S.)
because she was very kind and gracious. Thousands of miracles have been
recorded at the holy grave of her and she fulfills the rightful wishes
of the believers and she miraculously heals incurable patients. Imam
Jafar Sadiq (A.S.) has quoted "By the intercession of Fatima Masumah
(S.A.) all my Shias will enter the paradise".
Passing away of Hadrat Masumah (S.A.)
In
the year 200 A.H. a year after the forced migration of Imam Reza (A.S.)
from Medina to Marw in Khurasan by the reigning Abbasid caliph Mamun,
Hadrat Masumah accompanied by her brothers left Medina for Khurasan to
meet her elder brother Imam Reza (A.S.). When they reached Saveh in
central Iran they were attacked by the Abbasid army and many of his
brothers were mercilessly martyred. A lady servant on the orders of the
Abbasid commander poisoned Hadrat Masumah (S.A.) during her stay in
Saveh.
Hadrat Masumah (S.A.) became severely ill and in this
condition she migrated to Qum where the Shias of the city warmly
welcomed her. The effect of poisoning increased during her short stay in
Qum and she attained martyrdom on 10th of Rabi al-Thani 201 A.H. Hadrat
Masumah (S.A.) had great longing to meet her brother Imam Reza (A.S.)
but due to her sudden death she could not meet him. Imam Reza (A.S.) was
deeply grieved when he came to know about the demise of her beloved
sister Hadrat Fatima Masumah (S.A.).
The Merits of the Ziyarah of Hadrat Fatima Masumah (S.A.)
There
are many traditions from the Holy Imams (A.S.) recommending the Shias
to perform the Ziyarah of the holy grave of Hadrat Masumah (S.A.) in the
holy city of Qum.
Imam Ali Reza (A.S.) said: "Whoever performs
the Ziyarah of Fatima Masumah (S.A.) will be awarded heaven". Also:
"Whoever performs the Ziyarah of 'Fatima Masumah' with the knowledge of
her status will attain paradise".
Imam Muhammad Taqi al-Jawad (A.S.)
said: "Whoever performs the Ziyarah of my aunt [Fatima Masumah (S.A.)]
in Qum will enter paradise".
The holy city of Qum
The
holy city of Qum in central Iran, 150 km to the south of Tehran became
one of the first bastions of Shi'ism and till the present day it is the
leading center of Islamic seminaries where more than forty thousand
scholars and students are learning Islamic sciences in the numerable
Islamic seminaries. At present about two hundred Islamic research and
cultural centers are active in this holy city.
In the year 83
A.H. the Arabs belonging to the Ash'ari tribe migrated and settled in
this region and laid the foundation of this city. From the beginning of
its establishment the city of Qum became the dwelling place of the Shias
and by the end of first century Hijrah more than 6000 Shias settled in
this city. The Shias of this city revolted against the Umayyad caliphs
and after the inception of the Abbasid caliphate in 132 A.H. they also
opposed the Abbasid caliphs.
Hadrat Fatima Masumah (S.A.) the
Blessed and the Gracious Divine Lady from the Holy Ahlul Bayt (A.S.) was
born in the holy city of Medina on the First Day of the month of Dhu
al-Qa'dah 173 A.H. Hadrat Fatima Masumah (S.A.) was the most learned
scholar and very pious lady and was greatly revered by the Holy Imams
(A.S.). She was buried in the holy city of Qum (Iran) and her holy
shrine is every year visited by millions of the lovers of Holy Ahlul
Bayt (A.S.).
Fatimah Masoomah (A.S.) similar to Hadrat Fatimah (A.S.)
On
the first of Dhi al-Qa’dah in 173 AH, the city of Medina was
enlightened by the birth of Hadrat Fatimah Ma’soomah (A.S.)(1). She was
born to Imam Moosa ibn Ja’far (A.S.) and her mother, Najmah.
Hadrat
Fatimah Masumah (A.S.) was the second and last child of Najmah, after
her older brother, Imam Ali ibn Moosa al-Reza (A.S.). In fact, after
Imam Reza (A.S.), she has the highest status and position amongst the
children of Imam Moosa al-Kadhim (A.S.). (2)
One year after Imam
Reza (A.S.)was forcibly taken to Khurasan (in year 201 AH) by the orders
of Ma’moon, Hadrat Masumah (A.S.), along with her brothers and some of
her relatives, left Medina for Marw in order to visit her brother, Imam
Reza (A.S.).
On their way, when they reached the city of Saweh, the
enemies of Ahl al-Bait attacked them. After a serious struggle, many of
her relatives were martyred, and a woman in Saweh poisoned her. (3)
Grief
over the loss of her relatives and the effects of the poison put Hadrat
Masumah (A.S.)into a severe illness. She asked her companions to take
her to the city of Qum, for she had heard her father say, “Qum is the
center of our Shiites.”
When she arrived in Qum, the people of
the city welcomed her. Moosa ibn Khazraj, who was amongst the great
people of Qum, respectfully invited her to his house.
17 days
later, on the 10th of Rabi’ al-Thani of the year 201 AH, after 28 years
of sufferance and difficulty, Hadrat Ma’soomah (A.S.)no longer could
endure her sickness and the effects of the poison. She left this world
with a broken heart, while she had not been able to see her brother. She
was buried in Qum and her shrine became the beauty of this city since
then.
From amongst the narrators, we come across to narrators who
happen to be women. One of these virtuous women is Hadrat Ma’soomah
(A.S.), who has narrated many Hadiths from Lady Fatimah (A.S.)and the
other Infallibles (PBUT). Actually, because of her prominence, both Shia
and Sunni narrators have considered the Hadith narrated by her as
authentic.
The Hadiths narrated about Hadrat Ma’soomah
(A.S.)reveal her superiority in knowledge and virtue (6). From the point
of view of Ahl al-Bait (PBUT), Hadrat Ma’soomah possesses a high
status. In regards to her particular status, Imam Reza (A.S.)has said:
“One who visits the shrine of Ma’soomah {PBUH} in Qum is like one who has visited my shrine.” (7)
As
this Hadith illustrates, not only the Ziarat of Hazrat Ma’soomah is
stated to be similar to doing the Ziarat of an Infallible Imam, but also
she has been given the title of a Ma’soomah (infallible woman) by an
Imam. Considering the fact that an infallible does not exaggerate, one
can come to this conclusion that Hazrat Ma’soomah owns some sort of
infallibility.
Also in regards to her particular status, Imam Sadiq (A.S.) has said:
“…
A lady from my children, named Fatimah daughter of Mousa, will pass
away there (Qum), which all our Shiites will enter paradise with her
intercession”. (8)
Imam Sadiq (A.S.) said this Hadith at a time
when neither Hadrat Ma’soomah (A.S.)nor her father was born yet, and
this expresses her high status.
One of her virtues is that she
has a special script for Ziarat dictated by an Infallible Imam. She is
the only women after Lady Fatimah (A.S.)- who is the most superior lady
in the two worlds - to have a script for Ziarat dictated by an
Infallible Imam. (9)
Now on the occasion of her demise let us go over on a phrase from her Ziarat:
“O Fatimah! Intercede for me in heaven, as you have an outstanding position from Allah {SWT} for intercession.”
(Selection taken from “The Generous Lady of Ahl al-Bait”, by Ali Akbar Mahdipour, and some other sources)
Footnotes:
1- No other days or months have been narrated regarding her birthday, but two have been mentioned for the year she was born:
a)173 AH (according to Mustadrak al-Saqifah) b) 183 AH (according to Nuzhat al-Abrar - Lawaqih al-Anwar)
Considering the date of martyrdom of Imam Moosa ibn Ja’far (A.S.), the first date seems more likely to be true.
2- Tawarikh al-Nabi Wal’al, p. 65
3-
Wasilah al-Ma’soomiah, by Mirza Aboutalib Byouk, p. 68; Al-Hayat
al-Siasiah lel Imam al-Reza (A.S.), by Ja’far Mortaza Ameli, p. 428
4- Nothing else has been narrated for the year of her martyrdom; however, 3 have been narrated for the day and month:
a)
10th of Rabi’ al-Thani (according to Nuzhat al-Abrar and Lavaqih
al-Anwar) (which coincides with the 40th day after the martyrdom of Imam
Reza (A.S.))
b) 12th of Rabi’ al-Thani (according to Mustadrak al-Saqifah)
c) 8th of Sha’ban (according to Hayat al-Sitt)
The first one seems more likely to be true
5- Kashf al-Le’ali, Salih ibn Arandas Helli
6- Nasikh al-Tawarikh, vol. 3, p. 68; Mustadrak Wasael al-Shia, vol. 10, p. 368
7- Al-Naqd, p. 196; Majalis al-Mu’minin, vol. 1, p. 83; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 60, p. 216
8-
Allamah Majlisi has narrated this Ziarat from Imam Reza (A.S.)in his
valuable book of “Tuhfah al-Za’ir” in addition to Bihar al-Anwar. He has
stated in the introduction of Tuhfah al-Za’ir that he had only narrated
the Ziarat which were proved to be authentic in that book.